Heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of furnaces, such as siemens-martin furnaces



3,315,950 E BACKWALLS 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTO/w' Porec/WK (nl/75A? SM10/v mer BY l WMI 9 /ytd ATTORNEYS K. POTOCNIK ETAL ER WALLS, PARTIGULARLY TH CES, SUCH AS SIEMENS-MARTIN FURNACES April 25, 1967 HEATING CHAMB OF FURNA 'iled Sept. 14, 1964 April 25, 1967 K. PoTocNlK ETAL 3,315,950

HEATING CHAMBER WALLS PARTICULARLY THE BACKWALLS OF FURNACES, SUCH AS SIEMENS-MARTIN FURNACES Filed Sept. 14, 1964 v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTOR; Kg@ T Pa roc/wx Gz//vrfe 5mm/v ATTORNEYS United States Patent Office l 3,315,950 Patented Apr. 25, 1967 3,315,950 HEATING CHAMBER WALLS, PARTICULARLY THE BACKWALLS F FURNACES, SUCH AS SIEMENS-MARTIN FURNACES Kurt Potocnik and Gnter Simon, Wiesbaden, Germany, assignors to Didier-Werke AG., Wiesbaden, Germany Filed Sept. 14, 1964, Ser. No. 396,098 Claims priority, application Germany, Sept. 24, 1963, D 42,550 3 Claims. (Cl. 263--44) The invention has for an object the construction of heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of industrial furnaces, for example, Siemens-Martin furnaces, consisting of an outer wall of massively lined beams and of an inner wall bordering the heating chamber spaced from the outer wall and composed of tire bricks and a framework of spaced vertical columns and horizontal beams attached to such vertical columns for holding the bricks, as well as cooling means for the inner wall face averted from the heating chamber.

For tirings, particularly boiler iirings, there are known air-cooled heating chamber 'double walls in which the bricks of the inner wall face opposing the heating chamber are held by a framework located in the area between the outer armor, such as a sheet-iron lining with an outer framework, and the aforementioned inner wall, said framework consisting of vertical wall columns and ledges or beams horizontally attached to the latter. The bricks of the inner wall are suspended on the horizontal ledges or beams by m-eans of hangers. This construction not only requires a special, and not always inexpensive, formulation of the bricks, since they must be provided with recesses of especial shaping in which the hangers may engage, but, moreover, the hangers themselves represent a complication and increased expense of construction. The

hangers on the one h-and engage in a suitable recess in the brick and are therefor provided with a particularly shaped supporting en-d, and they are in turn suspended on the horizontal beams and consequently fittingly developed at that en-d.

In these known construction-s, great value is usually set on the possibility of being able to remove various worn bricks or brick groups from the wall and to replace them with new ones. This necessitates the removal of the outer sheet-iron lining in order to render possible the required manipulation for loosening of the bricks. This preparatory work may be economically worthwhile for these relatively light heating c-hamber walls; however, for compact and heavy outer heating chamber wall linings, for example those of Siemens-Martin furnaces, such complicated, hard and lengthy labor would be too inefficient and time-consuming.

The heating chamber walls, and particularly the backwalls of industrial furnaces, such as Siemens-Martin furnaces, must fulfill a number of requirements in order tobe capable of the rough furnace operation to which they are subjected. One major requirement is to provide a firm armor of suflicient security against a possible piercing through the backwall by the charging crane. The suspension of the bricks of ythe Wear lining wall must be` such that when hollowing out of the lower supporting backwall portions occurs, the upper bricks or rwall portions, due to wear, may not move down or fall into t-he heating chamber, but may remain in their position. Furthermore, the over-all wall construction should be of such nature as to provide for good cooling of the wear lining wal-l face averted from the heating chamber, and assembling of the wall should be as simple as possible. Low consumption of the brick material and lowest possible expenditure on the armor should be attained. These requirements cannot be fulfilled with the previously known and usually light constructions of heating chamber walls.

It is also known in prior art constructions that the lin ing of heating chamber walls of industrial furnaces may be instal-led by means of suspension constructions, in which expensive fishplate bricks or sheet-iron lined bricks are utilized. Here, renewal of ythe lining of worn walls, for example, is very costly, tedious and complicated, since the suspension of the bricks necessitates special supporting links to be attached to the armor, and hangers are fixed to the supporting links to retain the bricks in their position.

The object of the instant invention is to simplify and facilitate the lining of heating chamber walls, especially heating chamber double walls, as well as the relining of worn walls of already existing furnaces in such manner as to achieve saving of material and time, thus reducing the expense and resulting further that furnaces equipped with heating chamber walls constructed in this manner or furnaces relined in the inventive manner may be placed in operation much faster than is possible with previous constructions.

The invention, in contrast to what was known in the prior art, provides that horizontal beams are -arranged so as to be vertically movable on the vertical wall columns, and meanwhile bridging the space between two adjacent wall columns, said horizontal beams in each instance simultaneously holding the bricks of two consecutive brick rows.

An object of the invention therefor is to realize in a simple and time-saving manner the erection of particularly heat-resistant heating chamber walls, especially backwalls of Siemens-Martin furnaces, -or the relining of worn walls of such furnaces, `and offers la varie-ty of advantages ove-r the prior art constructions. A simplified and faster erection is achieved due to the fact that special suspension element-s for the bricks may be completely precluded. Since the bricks, which form the inner walls, `are held direct-ly by the beams in such manner as to combine always two consecutive brick rows in a single group held by a beam, a higher security is achieved against a possible piercing of the wall by the charging crane, i.e., the beams are flexibly susceptible to such impacts and transfer the pressure over the wall columns onto the outer wall. The faster erection of the lining of such walls is obtained in that separate suspension of the bricks by special iron hangers may be completely avoided. After the laying of a brick row with upper directed recesses, the beams are horizontally inserted into the spaces between each of two immediately adjacent wall columns and are placed onto the already laid brick row in such manner that the beams t into the recesses of the bricks. This brick row is now secured. Since the profile of the beams by mutual adaptation of theirL dimensions to that of the recesses in the bricks project 'these recesses'outwardly by half of the profile thickness, this projecting portion of the beams serves as a setting for the bricks of the next following brick row which may now be laid on the preceding brick row withits recesses in the downward direction. The beams are sutiiciently enclosed `by the recesses of the two brick rows and hold the bricks combined into a single group, in their position. applied to the subsequent brick rows, and the heating chamber wall which forms the wear lining layer is prog-ressively built in the bottom-totop direction. In order to balance unevenness, to reduce movements of the brick by thermal expansion and to prevent penetrating corrosion of the bricks, there may be inserted between the brick rows previously known fillers, such as asbestos fillers.

Due to the fact that the bricks fully enclose the beams,

the faces of the bricks which are averted from the heat-I ing chamber form a smooth wall. This is advantageous for the air cooling utilized, for instance through chimney The same procedure may be draft effect, since in this manner the cooling air flowing between the outer and inner walls on its way does not come into contact with substantial resistances formed by the suspension links so that an efficient air circulation is achieved. The preclusion of suspension links furthermore prevents the possibility of the depositing of dust accumulations behind the bricks to be cooled, which would cause a reduction of the cooling effect; eicient cooling of the bricks may increase their durability essentially.

In order to raise the thermal transfer from the bricks into the cooling medium, it may be advantageous to provide the bricks at their front faces which are averted from the heating chamber with a profiling which increases the cooling effect. This may be accomplished, for instance, by the employment of ribs or the like. The operative cooling surface is in this manner substantially enlarged and the cooling effect and consequently the durability of the bricks, increased.

In this case, it may be of particular advantage to amplify the air circulation in the area between the outer and inner walls in such manner that the outlet nozzles of an air pressure duct discharge over air outlet openings in the lower area of the outer wall so that an injector effect results. Thus, outer air is sucked through the air outlet openings by means of the forced air emerging from the nozzles and is by the forced air as conveying medium forced through the area between the outer and inner walls. This arrangement requires contrary to a concentrated forced air cooling, which would also be possible, no extensive propulsive drive since the moving of the conveying air requires only a simple fan, such as an axial blower.

With the above and other objects in view which will become apparent from the detailed description below, some preferred forms of the invention are shown in the drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of a heating chamber wall.

FIGURE 2 is a partial plan view thereof.

FIGURE 3 is a horizontal cross-section enlarged of a detail.

FIGURE 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view upon an enlarged scale illustrating the anchoring of the lire bricks, and

FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic view showing one form of air cooling.

The heating chamber wall consists of an outer wall 1, composed of beams 2 or the like and a massive lining 3, e.g., according to the drawing, of channel sections. The inner wall 4 is located in front of and spaced from the outer wall 1. This inner wall consists of vertical wall columns 5 arranged at a distance from each other. The wall columns 5 may be composed of, for instance, I-sections or of U-sections combined so as to form I-sections, respectively, or the wall columns 5 may be of box-type assembly. Horizontal beams 6 are fixed to these vertical Wall columns S so as to be vertically movable therein and bridging the area between two adjacent wall columns 5.

The beams 6 consist of a prole iron, such as a at iron bar. These beams 6 are provided on one side at their free ends with hooks 7 which at the applying of beams 6 horizontally to immediately adjacent wall columns 5 engage with clearance behind the latters immediately adjacent flange portions 8 or in the case of a possible construction of the wall columns 5 such as a box-type assembly, engage behind the profile ledges to be attached to their side walls.

Thus, it is possible to reciprocate the beams 6, in their horizontal position, in a vertical direction on the wall columns 5 yand to hang on or lift them. The wall columns S reinforce the outer wall 1 with their faces which are averted from the heating chamber 9.

The beams 6 serve as supports for the bricks 10 of the inner wall 4, i.e., of the bricks exposed to the heating chamber 9. The bricks 10 at their ends averted from the heating chamber 9 are provided with recesses 11 the depth of which corresponds to about half the height of the profile of the beams 6 so that in each instance two bricks with their recesses 11 directed to each other fully enclose the beam profile between them.

The formation of the recesses of the bricks 10 may be of varying character. For example, in the brick a groove may be provided near to its one front face proceeding oblique to the longitudinal axis of the brick and piercing through the side surface of the brick, or, as illustrated in the example, a front face edge may be removed stepwise and be covered partially by a sheet 12 which is rmly connected to the brick and ts precisely over the face of the brick, extending in such a manner that the sheet 12 as placed upon the brick overlaps the beam 6.

The erection of the inner wall 4 forming the wear lining layer of the heating chamber 9 is effected in such a manner that subsequent to the laying of a row of bricks so that the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 are in the upper direction, the beams 6 are horizontally applied to the wall columns 5 and are lowered to the recesses 11 which form a kind of continuous groove or channel. Then a further brick row is installed in such manner that the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 are downwards and consequently enclose the beams 6 through the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 of the consecutive brick rows and the two brick rows combined into a single group are simultaneously held in their position by the beams 6. This foregoing described procedure is continued until the lining is completed and the wall thus formed.

In order to balance uneveness, to reduce moving of the -bricks by thermal expansion and to prevent a penetrating corrosion of the bricks there are placed between the brick rows llers 13, such as asbestos fillers.

The wall construction as shown, of the wear lining layer of the inner wall 4 embodies the forming of a smooth wall by the front faces of the bricks -10` which are averted from the heating chamber. In this manner an unimpeded circulation of the cooling air for the cooling of the bricks 10 of the wear lining layer is achieved.

In order to provide access for the outer air to be utilized as cooling air into the area between the outer and inner wall, there are provided openings 14 in the lower portion of the outer wall 1. Suitable openings 15 in the upper portion of the outer wall 1 allow the outflow of the heated cooling air. The circulation of the cooling air may for example be given a chimney effect as shown in FIG. URE 1.

In the construction according to FIGURE 5, the ahsorption of the outer air and circulation of the same is established by injector effect through the area between the outer and the inner walls. For this purpose, there are provided in the lining 3 the outlet openings 16 above which the nozzles 17 are installed which project into the area between the outer and the inner walls and through which the forced air is blown into this area. An air'l duct 1S extending along the outer wall 1 conducts this air, which is then conveyed by a fan (not shown) to the nozzles 17.v

It goes without saying that devices may be employed facilitating the availability of the outflowing thermal air for the operation of the furnace, for example as combustion air.

It is thought that the invention and its advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it is apparent that various changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing its material advantages, the forms hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings being merely preferred embodiments thereof.

We claim:

1. Heating chamber walls, particularly for the backwalls of industrial furnaces, such as Siemens-Martin furnaces, comprising an outer wall of massively lined beams, an inner wall bordering the heating chamber spaced fromsaid outer wall, a framework for said inner wall comprising spaced vertical wall columns, a plurality of horizontal beams, said beams bridging the area between two adjacent wall columns, means slidingly mounting said beams for vertical movement on said columns, rows of re bricks, each brick having a recess into which a horizontal beam extends in order to support a row of said re bricks, cooling means for said inner wall between said outer and inner wall, said horizontal beams each supporting two adjacent rows of bricks whereby each beam may simultaneously hold and vertically move the bricks of two consecutive brick rows.

2. Heating chamber walls as set forth in claim 1 wherein said vertical wall columns are provided with projecting flanges and said horizontal beams are provided with hooks so that when said horizontal beams are suspended on two adjacent wall columns said hooks engage behind said anges.

3. Heating chamber Walls as set forth in claim 1 wherein said recesses in said bricks are provided opposite one another to fully enclose said beams whereby a uniform wall surface is provided upon said inner wall adjacent said beams.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,657,453 1/1928 Boyd 122--6 1,751,008 3/ 1930 France 263-44 1,789,074 1/1931 Jacobus et al. 110--1 1,870,783 8/1932 Nash 110-99 1,946,083 2/ 1934 Lambie 263-46 2,074,874 3/1937 Vogel 110-1 2,144,597 l/1939 Reed et al. 52-487 X 3,045,994 7/ 1962 Longenecker 110-1 X FOREIGN PATENTS 188,737 2/ 1957 Austria.

FREDERICK L. MATTESON, IR., Primary Examiner. JOHN I. CAMBY, Examiner.

D. A. TAMBURRO, Assistant Examiner. 

1. HEATING CHAMBER WALLS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE BACKWALLS OF INDUSTRIAL FURNACES, SUCH AS SIEMENS-MARTIN FURNACES, COMPRISING AN OUTER WALL OF MASSIVELY LINED BEAMS, AN INNER WALL BORDERING THE HEATING CHAMBER SPACED FROM SAID OUTER WALL, A FRAMEWORK FOR SAID INNER WALL COMPRISING SPACED VERTICAL WALL COLUMNS, A PLURALITY OF HORIZONTAL BEAMS, SAID BEAMS BRIDGING THE AREA BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT WALL COLUMNS, MEANS SLIDINGLY MOUNTING SAID BEAMS FOR VERTICAL MOVEMENT ON SAID COLUMNS, ROWS OF FIRE BRICKS, EACH BRICK HAVING A RECESS INTO WHICH A HORIZONTAL BEAM EXTENDS IN ORDER TO SUPPORT A ROW OF SAID FIRE BRICKS, COOLING MEANS FOR SAID INNER WALL BETWEEN SAID OUTER AND INNER WALL, SAID HORIZONTAL BEAMS EACH SUPPORTING TWO ADJACENT ROWS OF BRICKS WHEREBY EACH BEAM MAY SIMULTANEOUSLY HOLD AND VERTICALLY MOVE THE BRICKS OF TWO CONSECUTIVE BRICK ROWS. 